狼网 | 狼狗杂种（一）

2021年12月24日 21:22:30 来源:国际狼中心访问量：1051次

Wolf and wolf-dog hybrid ownership by private citizens has long been a contentious issue in the United States. What exactly is a hybrid?

在美国，狼和狼狗的混合所有权长期以来一直是一个有争议的问题。什么是混合动力车？

（双语对照）

Wolf-dog hybrid (hybrid for short) is a term used to describe an animal that is part wolf and part domestic dog. Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and wolves (Canis lupus) share an evolutionary past and thus share many physical and behavioral traits.

狼狗杂种（简称杂种）是一个用来描述一种半狼半家养狗的动物的术语。狗（犬科狼疮）和狼（犬科狼疮）有着共同的进化史，因此具有许多身体和行为特征。

Wolves are wild animals, and they are shaped by evolutionary pressures that allow them to find food, keep themselves safe, and produce offspring. The genetics that they express in the environments they live in allow them to survive, without the help of humans (Addams, and Miller 2012)

狼是野生动物，它们受到进化压力的影响，进化压力使它们能够找到食物，确保自身安全，并繁衍后代。他们在生活环境中表达的基因使他们能够在没有人类帮助的情况下生存（亚当斯和米勒，2012年）

Dogs evolved from wolves through a centuries-long process of domestication. Domestication is the process by which a wild animal adapts to living with humans by being selectively bred by humans over thousands of years.

狗是经过几个世纪的驯化从狼进化而来的。驯化是一个过程，通过这个过程，野生动物通过数千年的人类选择性繁殖来适应与人类生活。

This photo shows a mid wolf content wolf hybrid at the W.O.L.F. Sanctuary in Colorado.

这张照片显示了科罗拉多州W.O.L.F.保护区的一只中狼内容的狼杂种。

Through this process, a dog’s behavior, life cycle and physiology have become permanently altered from that of a wolf. In essence, the selective breeding process has put a different set of pressures on dogs, shaping them so that they are more dependent on humans for their survival and make them flexible to our way of living. The genes they express, have been altered to varying degrees from their wild counterpart and help them live that domestic life well (Addams, and Miller 2012).

通过这一过程，狗的行为、生命周期和生理学已经从狼变成了永久性的改变。本质上，选择性繁殖过程给狗带来了一系列不同的压力，塑造了它们，使它们更依赖人类生存，并使它们适应我们的生活方式。它们表达的基因与野生动物的基因不同程度地发生了改变，帮助它们更好地生活在家庭生活中（亚当斯和米勒，2012年）。

Wolves and dogs are interfertile, meaning they can breed and produce viable offspring. In other words, wolves can interbreed with dogs, and their offspring are capable of producing offspring themselves. Although hybrids can occur naturally in the wild, they are rare because the territorial nature of wolves leads them to protect their home ranges from intruding canines such as dogs, coyotes and other wolves.

狼和狗是可以杂交的，这意味着它们可以繁殖并产生有生命力的后代。换句话说，狼可以与狗杂交，它们的后代可以自己繁殖后代。虽然杂种可以在野外自然出现，但它们是罕见的，因为狼的领土性质使它们能够保护自己的家园免受狗、土狼和其他狼等侵入的犬只的侵害。

Governed by their instincts, wolves, both in the wild and in captivity, exhibit behavior that is relatively consistent. Their behavioral characteristics have been studied and observed for many decades by researchers, and much has been published about their social dynamics, hunting behavior and territorial nature. Thanks to the researchers’ hard work, we are able to understand the wolf’s reactions to different situations based on their inherent instincts. However, just as with any wild animal, their behavior will always retain some unpredictability.

受其本能支配，无论是在野外还是在圈养中，狼都表现出相对一致的行为。几十年来，研究人员对它们的行为特征进行了研究和观察，关于它们的社会动力学、狩猎行为和领土性质也发表了很多文章。由于研究人员的辛勤工作，我们能够根据狼的本能了解它们对不同情况的反应。然而，就像任何野生动物一样，它们的行为总是会保持一些不可预测性。

编辑：张惠

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